Racial Profiling Ethics

Racial Profiling Ethics Racial profiling is the practice of viewing certain characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion or national origin as indicators of criminal behavior. It is a practice that has been used by law enforcement officials when targeting specific crimes or those suspected of potentially committing crimes (Pollock, 2012). Police Officers utilize their discretion when deciding whether to stop an individual or not; but, when the Officers beliefs and ideals are immortal or unethical then their judgment may be distorted (Savive, 2012). Racial profiling is the product of unethical and immoral ideals and beliefs in action (Savive, 2012). Racial profiling violates both the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States (U.S.) Constitution. The Fourth Amendment states that individuals have the right to be secure in their persons against unreasonable searches without probable cause. The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal protection of the law to all its citizens however; those who are subjugated to racial profiling are not being treated to the same justice and searches as their white counterparts (Head, 2012). For instance, in New York City, Police Officers conduct stop and frisk of pedestrians (Spitzer, 1999). Stop and frisk occurs when an officer detains an individual and runs his hands over the individuals outer garments to determine whether that person is carrying a concealed weapon. A 1999 study revealed that Blacks were targeted a majority of the time but only 10.5 percent resulted in arrest. Whites however, were targeted the least amount of times but resulted in the greatest percentage of arrest at 12.6 percent (Spitzer, 1999). When New York City Police Officers relied solely on racial profiling, they found weapons less frequently on the racial groups that they profiled. Racial profiling becomes a less effective way of targeting suspected criminals and decreases the overall mission. Racial profiling actually diverts the Officers attention from using actua l, objective signs of suspicious behavior to effectively assess situations (ACLU, 2010). Many Americans would agree that racial profiling is wrong and immoral. They would even agree that individuals should not be targeted as suspected criminals simply because of their race. But, many of these same Americans would agree to racial profiling if the focus was on catching suspected terrorist. However, when law enforcement officials concentrate on those of Muslim or Arab heritage they miss a lot of prospective terrorist. Just as focusing solely on African Americans as drug traffickers, law enforcement would fail to focus on the individuals who are transporting and selling drugs (mainly White Americans). When the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City was bombed, law enforcement officials immediately began focusing on Arab Americans when the perpetrator actually ended up being Timothy McVeigh, a young white male who was an Army veteran (CNN, 2001). Law enforcement continues to focus on those of Arab or Muslim decent when tracking terrorist but has not extended their profiles to include young white male veterans. Why not? Another young white American who would not have been caught utilizing racial profiling is John Walker Lindh. Mr. Lindh had joined Al Qaeda, fought with Taliban soldiers, and was captured in Afghanistan along with two other American men by American Soldiers (CNN, 2001). Mr. Lindh nor his two co-conspirators were not and would not have been stopped or detained through racial profiling even though they were members of a terrorist organization. They had even made statements in support of the September (9/11) bombing of the World Trade Centers. A more effective means of profiling would be behavioral profiling. Law enforcement officials should look for behaviors that do not fit a particular environment. Ronald Burns (2009) alludes to those in security looking for things that do not fit. For example, someone waiting to go through security checks at the airport who is sweating profusely even though it is cold; those who are walking in a manner which may lead you to suspect that they are wearing an explosive belt; or some other bulky item underneath their clothes which interferes with the way they are walking. According to Yuval Bezherano, Vice President of New Age Security Solutions, this behavioral pattern recognition which is modeled after methods used in Israel is much more effective and could be taught (Burns, 2009). This method was used to catch Anne-Marie Murphy, an Irish female who was five months pregnant and carrying explosives in her carryon bag even though she had previously cleared three security checkpoints at Londons Heathrow Airport (Burns, 2009). The Security Guards questioned why a woman so far along in her pregnancy would be traveling without a companion and where would she be staying? Anne-Marie provided the name of the Hilton Hotel in Bethlehem which did not exist at that time. Behavioral profiling instead of racial profiling is more effective because terrorist organizations often recruit outside of th eir race to individuals or groups who are sympathetic to their cause and who can elude racist profiles (Harcourt, 2006). The three White American men captured in Afghanistan working with Al Qaeda serves as an example. One can only imagine the harm these individuals could have caused had the Military not caught them since they were not listed as terrorist. To further their cause, Al Qaeda will collaborate with other nationalities to circumvent the tendencies that the American law enforcement officials have of utilizing racial profiling. Studies on racial profiling confirm that it is a less effective way of apprehending would be criminals or terrorist; it alienates officers with the very members of the community who could help them (Head, 2012). Racial profiling is a blatant violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments yet it is commonly used by Law Enforcement as a tool for targeting suspected criminals regardless of whether the individuals are actually engaged in criminal activities. Individuals are subjected to unlawful search and seizures based upon their ethnicity, not upon their behaviors. We have seen that those of color are treated differently from their white counterparts. When White America is subjected to the same biases of racial profiling then, we will see an end to this violation of the U.S. Constitution. Law enforcement official would do better and probably be more successful should they adopt behavioral profiling instead of racial profiling as a more reliable means of apprehending would-be crimin als and terrorist. References ACLU. (2010, June 29). Racial profiling is ineffective, distracting, and detrimental to public safety. Retrieved September 28, 2012, from American Civil Liberties Union: http://www.aclu.org/print/blog/racial-justice/racial-profiling-ineffective-distracting-and-detrimental-public-safety Burns, R. G. (2009). Critical issues in criminal justice. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. CNN. (2001, March 29). Special Forces: Timothy McVeigh. Retrieved November 28, 2010, from CNN U.S.: http://articles.cnn.com/2001-03-29/us/profile.mcveigh_1_timothy-mcveigh-oklahoma-city-bombing-religion-basic-training-fort-bragg/2?_s=PM:US CNN, N. (2001, December 19). John Walker Lindh profile: The case of the Taliban American. Retrieved November 28, 2012, from People in the news: http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/walker/profile.html Harcourt, B. E. (2006). Muslim profiles 9/11: Is racial profiling an effective counterterrorist measure and does it violate the right to be free from discrimination? Chicago: The Law School University of Chicago. Head, T. (2012, April 09). Why racial profiling is a bad idea: Top 7 arguments against racial profiling. Retrieved October 04, 2012, from About.Com Civil Liberties: http://civilliberty.about.com/od/lawenforcementterrorism/tp/Against-Racial-Profiling.htm Pollock, J. M. (2012). Ethical Dilemmas Decisions in Criminal Justice (7th Edition). Belmont: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Savive, W. (2012, January 12). Dimensions of racial profiling institutionalized racism in the U.S. Retrieved November 28, 2012, from Savives Corner: http://willsavive.blogspot.com/2012/01/dimensions-of-racial-profiling.html Spitzer, E. (1999). The New York City Police Department stop and frisk practices: A report to the people of New York. New York: Attorney General of the State of New York.

Enlightement Thinkers And Vincent Van Gogh Essay

The Enlightenment outlook embraced freedom and progress, viewing humanity with optimism – guarded optimism, but optimism nonetheless.   The era’s thinkers believed that humanity was essential good but flawed, though with the proper guidance and environment it could be improved, if not perfected.   Condorcet saw no limits to human potential, claiming that nature â€Å"has set no limit to the perfection of human faculties† (Gay 119) and that if humanity sought the right goals, the future would yield this. Similarly, Rousseau argued for humanity’s essential decency, yet he did not believe it was unconditional; he believed that â€Å"in the right circumstances, with the right education and the right society, man might become a decent citizen† (Gay 171).   In addition, Europeans considered Benjamin Franklin proof of their ideas – a man who had sought higher goals and outlets for his immense talents and energies and practiced Enlightenment virtues like civic duty and intellectual accomplishment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Van Gogh shared the Enlightenment thinkers’ esteem for freedom and human dignity, writing in 1880 that â€Å"men are often faced with the impossibility of doing anything, imprisoned in some kind of cage. . . .   Sometimes the prison is called prejudice, misunderstanding, [or] fatal ignorance. . . .† (Suh 17)   He claimed he painted in order to ennoble laborers and the poor, whom many despised and viewed with little sympathy, hoping to â€Å"draw [people’s] attention to matters that need to be noticed† (Suh 43). For example, works like The Potato Eaters depict their subjects in difficult, even squalid conditions but do not condemn or judge them, as Van Gogh considered such people worthy of dignity.   Though Van Gogh was not overtly political (which several key Enlightenment thinkers were), he demonstrated an anti-elitist outlook resembling the Enlightenment sense of egalitarianism, and believed that humanity could fix its flaws by increasing its understanding of others and breaking free from the mental â€Å"prisons† he described. REFERENCES Gay, Peter.   The Enlightenment.   New York: W.W. Norton, 1977. Suh, H. Anna. Ed.   Vincent Van Gogh.   New York: Black Dog and Leventhal, 2006.

Lsi – Gm591 Leadership and Organization Behavior

LSI GM591 Leadership and Organization Behavior September 9, 2011 According to my LSI, my Primary personal thinking style is avoidance at 80% and my back-up personal thinking style is affiliative at 75%. I agree with my primary personal thinking style, avoidance and my back-up personal thinking style, affiliative. With the avoidance style, I can live life more positively and I can confront the people that cause my distress. With the affiliative style, I can acquire stronger interpersonal skills that will help form healthy relationships. Some of the statements about avoidance are true about me, while others aren’t. Example of true statements are: having few strong interests, having difficulty making decisions, uncomfortable discussing feelings and self-doubting and self-blaming. Some of the false statements are: lacking initiative, having difficulty establishing relationships, preoccupied with my own concerns, recently experienced something traumatic and feeling overwhelmed by circumstances. If you tally the true and false statements up, then you would see that I have more false statements than true ones, which tells me that I am less avoidance-oriented now. However, if you look at the definition of avoidance, as avoiding situations that may cause distress, then I would be a more avoidance-oriented person. When I get upset with a friend or family member, then I tend to shut down completely and avoid them for a few days till I am able to discuss what is wrong with me. I also agree with the affiliative style being my back-up personal thinking style because I don’t have a hard time meeting people, I don’t lack effectiveness at work, I don’t avoid group activities, I am able to relax around people and I don’t feel unimportant or disliked. I might feel lonely sometimes, but everyone does at one point or another. Being in the affiliative style benefits me with being liked and feeling a sense of belonging. I would identify achievement as limiting personal thinking style because it was my lowest scoring percentile at 21%. Being achievement-oriented involves recognizing where your efforts make a difference, deciding on a desired outcome, and setting specific goals to help you accomplish it. I would say that my achievement style is lowered because I feel like my efforts makes little differences, I on’t set goals, and I lack interest. However, I don’t lack initiative at work, I take responsibility for my actions and I don’t blame other people for my problems. In school I don’t do homework to achieve or excel, I just do it to get it done and hopefully pass. My dependent, approval, and conventional personal thinking styles all being at 69% percentile could be preventing me from being an achiever. Fo r me to become more achievement-oriented I need to start pleasing myself and stop focusing on what I think I should be doing and instead do what is important to me. I am not a manager yet, but I am pursuing that degree and field now. After reviewing my LSI and learning what it all means, I am going to have a hard time achieving a manager type persona. I think that a manager needs to be encouraging and have a high percentile in the humanistic-encouraging style and mine is only at 25%. I am not uncomfortable with interacting with others, nor do I lack close relationships, nor do I have a problem working in groups. However, I do have a difficult time communicating in terms of speaking in public and telling people what do to or how to do something. Improving my humanistic-encouraging style will improve my ability to lead, manage and teach. Looking back now, it’s weird to see some connections with my growing up strategies with certain personal thinking styles. I remember my mom never making me do any homework or bribing me with rewards if I got all A’s or anything like that, so I have a feeling that had an affect on why I don’t feel a big need to be more achievement-oriented. When my mom got upset with my brother, and me she would just run to her room and I guess, â€Å"avoid† us. So, now when I am upset with a friend, I â€Å"run† away and let it just pass by. My mom was always encouraging me to do things and always said that I can do whatever I put my mind to, so I don’t know why my encouraging style is in the lower percentile. I have learned a lot about myself while taking and reviewing my LSI results. This exercise made me aware of knew things about myself, while letting me admit to myself some other things. For example, I had a feeling I had avoidance problems, but taking this survey and it finding out that information made me think that it is actually real and hurting me more than I thought. I would love to improve my avoidance personal thinking style.

Education Industry Laws and Regulations - 941 Words

The education industry has many laws and regulations that protects the teachers and students. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was established in 2004. This is a federal law that governs how public agencies and states serve children with disabilities from birth to age 21. This act consists of different parts and the second part addresses the education of school age children with disabilities. This is to ensure that every child with a disability has a free public education available to them. They also have related services meant to satisfy their unique needs and to prepare them for employment, a future education, and independent living. Local and state educational agencies receive funding through IDEA to help them achieve these goals and objectives. Another federal law that affects the education of students with disabilities is Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. It was established in 1973. This act prohibits al entities that receive federal funding, public an d private, from discriminating the disabled. It is also known as the â€Å"civil rights† law for students with learning disabilities. The protections provided in this act are less specific than IDEA but it covers a vaster majority of people. It covers the handicap in any program but is also fit for school age students with learning disabilities and their rights, along with their parents. Congress amended the Americans with Disabilities Act in 2008. This affects the students with disabilitiesShow MoreRelatedThe Health Care Industrys Role in the Economy of the Country915 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Care Industry The Health Care industry plays and important role in the economy of the country. This industry determines the GDP or the gross domestic product of any country, it also determines exports status, employment, capital investment, along with a lot of other things the health Care industry consists of many different areas such as Dentists and doctors, protective care and nursing, pharmacies, allied medical, health services, and hospitals. With the creation of new inventions and newRead MoreConsequently, By Trying To Enforce Prostitution Laws, Police1469 Words   |  6 Pages by trying to enforce prostitution laws, police officers spend an exhausting number of hours trying to gather information. In an unpublished interview, Dr. Williams, an associated professor at North Carolina State University, stated that policing prostitution in the United States is an overreach. Enforcing prostitution laws puts undue strain on law enforcement agencies. Dr. Williams strongly contends, that government r esources could be better used on education and or rehabilitation if necessary.Read MoreThere Will Be Blood Movie Relations to Environmental Law and Policy1238 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Law and Policy Third Assignment â€Å"There Will Be Blood† Environmental Issues and Connections â€Å"There Will Be Blood† by Paul Thomas Anderson starring Daniel Day Lewis reproduces the early 1900s oil boom in southern California. Daniel Day Lewis plays a man named Daniel Plainview, the very serious boss of a drilling company. After adopting a son early on in the movie for purely business reasons he leads us on the path of innovation and growth within a new industry. His depictionsRead MoreInternational Conference Of Regulatory Agencies And Industries From Europe ( Eu ), Japan, And The United States1377 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Representatives of regulatory agencies and industries from Europe (EU), Japan, and the United States (US) met together in the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) and issued guidelines in conducting clinical trials including the of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guideline. Quality, safety, and efficacy were set as the three basic criteria to approve new medical products which reflect the state-of-the art technology. ICH-GCP guideline was adopted by regulatory agencies of the EURead MoreThe Importance Of Career And Technical Education1058 Words   |  5 PagesThe Career and Technical Education (CTE) Department and the courses taught in this department of the Danville Public School systems is required to adhere to the guidelines and regulations set forth by the Virginia Department of Education and the local school district. In addition, as a recipient of Carl D. Perkins funds, other guidelines and regulations as outlined in the grant must be followed. As student enroll and complete academic work in a CTE course, industry and work readiness certificationsRead MoreEssay On Texas Senate1018 Words   |  5 Pagesrepresentative represents about 167,637 people. Texas house of representative consist of large numbers of different house committees. Economic Small Business Development, Energy resources, Country affairs, Environment regulation, home land security and public safety, Higher education, Public health, Transportation are some example of the Committees in Texas house of representative. Anthia Rafael from district 103 is one of the member of house, who works on international trade and IntergovernmentalRead MoreEconomic Growth, Investment Decisions And Economics Of Regulation1243 Words   |  5 PagesInvestment Decisions and Economics of Regulation Economic Growth:- Refers the amount of goods and services that are produced by per head of population over a period of time Investment Decision:- Refers to the   decision of the person who is investing the money or the person of top level management with respect to the amount of money to be invested in different investment opportunities. Economics of Regulation:- Refers process of imposing rulesRead MoreChallenges Of Islamic Finance Industry1207 Words   |  5 PagesCHALLENGES TO ISLAMIC FINANCE INDUSTRY Many authors agree that Islamic finance industry has a long way to become globally successful industry. To achieve its potential for solid growth, Islamic finance must improve number of areas including: improving regulatory supervision in the industry, adaptation of tax treatment to Islamic banking products, establishing liquidity control, introducing risk management tools, supporting standardization of financial products and others. Prasad (2015) mentionsRead MoreA Discussion Of Administrative Law1115 Words   |  5 PagesA Discussion of Administrative Law Related to Title IX Administrative laws are rules and regulations passed by agencies appointed by legislatures. Moreover, administrative laws are used to clarify expansive laws. The Department of Education, Department of Health and Homeland Security and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are federal agencies that pass administrative laws that effect K-12 education. Furthermore, in Texas, the State Board of Education (SBOE) passes rules that become part of theRead MoreIts War in the Cyber-World Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesFrom education to arts and politics, people have access to knowledge with little or no limits. The dependance on the internet has become of great importance in todays world, and so imposing regulations and limits to it creates a controversial polemic worldwide. Since the Digital Copyright Millennium Act, internet became more restricted. However, this wasnt so much of a problem because, firstly the internet usage wasnt as common as nowadays, and secondly because the new internet reg ulations are

Essay on Misuse of Police Powers - 2001 Words

Within our police system in America, there are gaps and loopholes that give leeway to police officials who either abuse the authority given to them or do not represent the ethical standards that they are expected to live up to. Because of the nature of police work, there is a potential for deterioration of these ethical and moral standards through deviance, misconduct, corruption, and favoritism. Although these standards are set in place, many police are not held accountable for their actions and can easily get by with the mistreatment of others. While not every police abuses his or her power, the increasingly large percentage that do present a problem that must be recognized by the public as well as those in charge of police departments†¦show more content†¦These types of misconduct arise throughout police jobs that include routine procedures such as traffic stops, ticket writing, directing traffic, and discouraging potential threats to those in their community. What often go unnoticed, though, are the undercover works and the corruptions that go on within a department. The four terms associated with these conflicting values are deviance, which is behavior inconsistent with the norms, values, or ethics, corruption, which is forbidden acts involving misuse of office for gain, misconduct, which is the violation of departmental procedures, and favoritism which is unfair â€Å"breaks† to friends or relatives. According to T.R. O’Connor in his article entitled Police Deviance and Ethics, police also work includes the behind the scenes work of going undercover and taking on false identities to induce crime, reporting vague information to media and giving false ideas to the public, and invading privacy through the use of technology. They can also make false promises to hostage takers and kidnappers, trade or sell their days off and desirable work assignments, and position themselves to have cases requiring court appearances. They can even manipulate the overtime system to earn more money each year and strain the truth to protect loved ones and crime victims. These descriptions are inconsistent with societal standards as well as police standards (1). In order to understand the reasoning behindShow MoreRelatedEssay on Misused Power Decreases Respect for Police Officers582 Words   |  3 Pageswould claim police officers to be helpful with keeping the community in order, helpful for fin ding justice, and maybe even considered heroes. I once also thought highly of them. On the other hand, people have a different perception on them. Many people, like me, have seen the not so great side of these heroes people speak of and realized they aren’t as great as they seem. They abuse, misuse, and also get away with things because of their power. Because of this, I no longer believe police officers toRead MorePolice Discretion Is An Issue For American Policing1027 Words   |  5 PagesPolice discretion is an issue for American policing because how police use their discretion can greatly impact the public’s view on the police. First what police discretion is must be defined, â€Å"the leeway that officers enjoy in selecting from more than one choice in carrying out their work† (Mastrofski, 2004). This definition accurately sums up an ability the police use every single day that affects the public. The police can use discretion for almost any situation they encounter. There are manyRead MoreCorruption of Foreign Governments Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesCorruption can be defined as the misuse of entrusted power for personal benefit. It can also be described as letting personal or family relationships influence economic decision making, be it by private economic agents or by government officials. Corruption is always kept secret and therefore individual behavior of corrupt agents is almost impossible to observe systematically in real life. The objectives of government are vital to the understanding of the diverse negative effectsRead More Police Brutality Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, police abuse has come to the attention of the general public. While citizens worry about protecting themselves from criminals, it has now been shown that they must also keep a watchful eye on those who have been given the responsibility to protect and serve. This paper will discuss the types of police abuse prevalent today, including the use of firearms and recovery of private information. I will also discuss what and how citizens’ rights are violated by the police. We will also exploreRead MorePolicing Is The Primary Component Of The Criminal Justice System1648 Words   |  7 Pagesthe primary component of the criminal justice system. The police have a constitutional duty to enforce the law, provide the public with safety and security and maintain order in the society. They are seen as an authority figure who has considerable control over it s citizens. The police also have a duty to arrest people who break the law or commit an offense and in doing so, they help keep the justice system in a functional state. The police does not determine the guilt or innocence of an individualRead MorePolice Enforcement And Excessive Force1217 Words   |  5 PagesPolice work is dangerous. Sometimes police put in situations that excessive force is needed, but, because some officers use these extreme measures in situations when it is not required to use excessive force. The use of excessive force it should be looked into by the system in the misuse of power among officers. Most police officers throughout the ranks of the U.S. police departments are just seeking more authority/recognition among the population or the district his/he is working. The U.S. lawRead MorePutting an End to Police Brutality Essay699 Words   |  3 Pages The police play a vital role in today’s justice system; they are the heroes that catch armed banked robbers, stop kidnappings, and catch murderers that terrorize communities: or at least that is how they are portrayed. While police activities are much more mundane than the public may think, police are given total authority over the public to keep the streets safe. In Steven Lukes’ article, power, he gives a general definition of power as â€Å"the capacity to bring about outcomes† (Lukes 59), butRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects On The United States1699 Words   |  7 PagesPolice abuse stays a standout amongst the most serious human rights infringement in the United States. The police transmit a colossal weight every day. Police work is exact traumatic and includes numerous fierce and dangerous circumstances. In numerous threats the police are placed in a spot in which they might need to utilize intensity to resistor the circumstance. There are assorted levels of quality and the circumstance charges the level utilize more often than not. The police have extremely seriousRead MoreSolving the Issue of Fellow Officers Abusing Their Power and Sometimes Taking the Law into Their Own Hands945 Words   |  4 PagesHow can police officials solve the issue of fellow officers abusing their power and at times taking the law into their own hands? In the field of law enforcement, it can be difficult to balance what is the right course of action to use based on the criminals and their intentions while being placed under arrest. It is important that officers make all the appropriate precautions so that their decision to implement use of force cannot be miscued as abuse of power. Police officers are on the forceRead MoreEthics Of Law Enforcement : Power Abuse1236 Words   |  5 PagesAndreea Draghici Prof. Turner ETHC232 8/27/15 Ethical Dilemma in Law Enforcement – Power Abuse Throughout many professions, we witness multiple instances where power is being abused due to one’s title in society. When it comes down to the topic, my group and I decided to go with ethical dilemmas within law enforcement. The topic I will be covering is the power abuse that some police officers participate in on a daily basis. Some, based on theories, others, based on experiences and facts. However

Narrative Of A Mother Daughter - 1061 Words

A tired mother reclines before a long mirror, beginning to prepare her ten-year-old daughter for bed. As she works out the last few tangles from her hair, the woman’s gaze turns to her reflection—the dulling of her once youthful body palpable in the company of her youthful daughter. Author Sharon Olds uses the narrative of a mother-daughter relationship to address issues of aging, death and replacement, juxtaposing the youth of a ten-year-old with the maturity of the thirty-five-year-old. â€Å"35/10† takes readers on one woman’s journey of sorrow as she copes with the loss of her youth, but deeper than that, her confrontation with grief as she realizes her daughter will one day replace her. The woman feels as though she is beginning her life’s decline just as her daughter begins her ascent into womanhood, inquiring, â€Å"†¦Why is it / just as we begin to go / they begin to arrive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (lines 4-6). Olds takes on the voice of this des pondent woman in her poem â€Å"35/10,† using rich, honest language and metaphoric comparisons to communicate observations about the cycle of life and the pattern of replacement. In the main body of her poem, Olds lists a sequence of three key metaphoric comparisons between the woman and her daughter’s changing bodies. Both characters are experiencing small â€Å"previews† of their futures through developmental transformations, the younger a preview of womanhood and the older a preview of aging and ultimately future replacement. The comparison is made in the sameShow MoreRelatedEssay about Personal Narrative - Mother and Daughter Relationship637 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal Narrative- Mother and Daughter Relationship I am rummaging through a cardboard box full of pictures, looking for the perfect one to put in one of those sentimental Mother and Daughter word frames from Hallmark. Finally, a photo falls from the box, and I pick it up, knowing I have found what I am looking for. It is a picture taken from spring of the year I was four. My mother is sitting on the couch in our living room and I am standing in front of her. The fabric of our couch is aRead MoreFamily Therapy Role Play Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesschool of South Asian thought. His cultural narrative about being the head of the family is his duty to make sure that his son and all his family members start following old family traditions. His main concern is his 14 years old grand daughter, who does not wear appropriate dresses and always glued to TV, computer and busy in chatting with her friends on cell phone all the time. He seeks help from his son to cooperate with him, talk to his wife and daughter in bringing back the old traditions in theRead MoreReading report: Two Kinds by Amy Tan1347 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between Jing-mei, the narrator and protagonist, and her mother Mrs. Woo, and explores conflicts between a Chinese mother and her disobedient Americanized daughter. The story happened in the Chinatown in San Francisco throughout the 1950s and maybe the early 1960s. It begins with Jing-mei and her mother’s moving to America in 1949. Encouraged by the American Dream and the conventional Chinese parents’ values, Jing-mei’s mother imposed great hopes on her and expects her to become a child prodigyRead More The Victims Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pagesimplied through contradictive perspectives. In the poem there is a shift in focus and tone during line 17. The poem addresses issues of suffering from two distinct perspectives, the first coming from a little girl and the second a grown woman. The narrative, imagery and diction are different in the two contrasting parts of the poem, and the second half carefully qualifies the first, as if to illustrate the more mature and established attitudes of the narrator in her older years – a stipulation of theRead MoreTwo Halves of the Same Song Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesher choice o f narrator. This narrative voice develops the story by adding to the characters. By using this narrator, Amy Tan allows the story to come alive through the eyes of a child. Jing-Mei, who is the daughter of a Chinese immigrant, paints the picture of her relationship between herself and her overbearing mother. Being the protagonist of the story, Jing-Mei is able to portray what she is going through as the storyteller. This choice of first person narrative allows the audience to lookRead More Mothers Daughters Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pages Mothers and daughters have been written about, criticized, publicized, condemned, and praised for a long time. As more and more material becomes available on mother-daughter relationships, it becomes apparent that being a mother and being a daughter means different things to different people depending on race, economics, social status and blood type. This paper will explore the meaning of being a mother and being a daughter by combining all of these independent variables. A definition of motherhoodRead MoreBattle Hymn Of The Tiger Mother By Amy Chua1069 Words   |  5 Pages Yale Law School professor and author of â€Å"Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother†, begins her article by questioning and explaining the secret to the success commonly seen among children raised by Chinese mothers. Amy Chua’s opinion piece gives compelling, though fairly biased and subjective, insight into the parenting styles of Chinese mothers. Before delving into possible answers, Chua explains that she uses the terms â€Å"Chinese mother† and â€Å"Western parents† loosely to distinguish the cultural values andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Girl By Jane Kincaid1118 Words   |  5 Pagesviewed are from a first-person narrative since the narrator is telling her story. The story is told in a very lax, kind of stream-of-consciousness voice, and the mother--except for two, speaks every line in the piece. b. Who are the characters being viewed? The characters that are being viewed in text are the narrator who is the â€Å"Girl.† Girl consists of a short set of writing concerning dramatic monologue in which a considered mother gives advice to her daughter throughout the literature, whoRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1615 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison utilizes a circular narrative to emphasize the similarities, or lack thereof, between her characters. In Philip Page’s article, â€Å"Circularity in Toni Morrison’s Beloved,† he writes, â€Å"The plot is developed through repetition and variation of one or more core-images in overlapping waves... And it is developed through... the spiraling reiteration of larger, mythical acts such as birth, death, rebirth, quest-journeys, and the formation and disintegration of families†Read MoreThe Girl By Jane Kincaid Analysis1115 Words   |  5 Pagesviewed are from a first-person narrative since the narrator is te lling her story. The story is told in a very lax, kind of stream-of-consciousness voice, and the mother--except for two, speaks every line in the piece. b. Who are the characters being viewed? The characters that are being viewed in text are the narrator who is the â€Å"Girl.† Girl consists of a short set of writing concerning dramatic monologue in which a considered mother gives advice to her daughter throughout the literature, who

Reframing Resistance to Organizational Change †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Reframing Resistance to Organizational Change. Answer: Introduction: As highlighted earlier in the introduction part of this study, many change attempts have been reported to have failed. The reasons for this are because the change was or resisted in many organizations. From the research works of Anderson, Hardy, and Thomas, we find that change in an organization entails establishing new understandings, practices, and relationships which may not be welcomed or supported if the change does not support the interest of the majority. Therefore they highlight some of the common reasons why people resist change in organizations or in other aspects of life are due to; loss of status or job security in the organization (Thomas et al., 2011). For instance, employees, peers or even managers will resist administrative and technological change which may render their status or their job roles insecure. Another reason for resisting organizational change is the non-reinforcing rewards systems in organizations and therefore organizations should strive to ensure that their reward systems support the change that they want to implement in the organization. Change is also resisted in organizations due to surprise or the fear of the unknown. According to Anderson (2011) when change agents bring about changes whether administrative or technological for instance in an organization, the change recipients usually have great fears of the unknown and therefore this calls for managers or changes agents to get their organizations prepared for change through establishing effective communication mechanisms for communicating change before it is implemented. Organizational politics also bring about resistance to change as a result of the creation of organizational groupings supporting certain ideologies and resisting others (Ng Choi Rashad, 2015). Lastly, organizational change is resisted due to poor timing to implement the change initiative in the organization. As discussed above organizations through their managers should ensure that their organizations, as well as their stakeholders, are prepared enough to embrace change. Poor timing has greatly contributed to increased resistance to change as research provides that most changes implemented without proper timing have always failed and therefore causing a lot of resistance which is not properly timed. Managers of different organizations, therefore, are of the view that change is naturally resisted by people and that change in its course is not the problem but the resistance to change. They, therefore, feel that resistance to change can be avoided in organizations with effective change management initiatives (Thomas Hardy, 2011). This can, therefore, be achieved through promoting a culture of trust, transparency in communication, a culture of employee engagement and creating positive interpersonal relationships which will reduce resistance to change. The first question is well answered. Different theoretical ontologies have been used to evaluate resistance to change in organizations and their effectiveness in enhancing change management. However, the most common concepts that we focus on is the scientific objectivism ontology to resistance as well as the subjectivism or social constructionism ontology to change management. Social construction ontology suggests and supports the idea that people can indeed be change agents (Burr, 1995) which promotes the fact that change is brought about by human activity. However, this concept of social constructionism also accepts that there is always an objective reality behind any change engagement which brings about the concept of objectivism as another important ontology in understanding change management (Burr, 2003). Scientific Objectivism approach This approach is also referred to as positivism approach and portrays an organizational position that social entities exist , external to social actors and concerned with existence. This means that the approach argues that social phenomena have an existence that is independent of social actors (Jabri, 2012). The approach is based on the findings from organizational data collected and analyzed. The results from such data is termed as scientifically true however in most case the symptoms that lead to such results have different interpretations. Therefore, when implementing change in an organization, the managers usually use an established scientific approach that is aimed at attaining certain outcome irrespective of the social factors from the employees in the organization. This approach or method can be used to assess staff competence and capability without taking into considerations the organizational efforts to empower employees with relevant skills. Results from this assessment are then used to make comparisons with the organization future requirements or even to plan for employees development programs without involving the inputs of employees on various social factors. This ontology does not support effective change management in an organization as it does not support a lasting relationship between change agents and the change recipients. This ontology or approach portrays a concept of social phenomena such as organizational change as created from perceptions and consequent actions of those social actors. It therefore takes into considerations the causal effects and all other social factors influencing change in an organization. Social constructionism lies under the premises of dialogue and appreciative inquiry and therefore during change implementation in an organization this approach takes into consideration the views of all stakeholders (Jabri, 2012). It argues that the reality of a social phenomenon is understood differently according to our social experience. It therefore provides an effective way of change management in an organization. This approach lays more emphasis on discovering and valuing the things which give organization vitality and identifying the future. The managers then design a dialogue through creating proposals for change, discussing them with stakeholders and enhancing readiness to adapt to the changes through capacity building (Jabri, 2012). Social constructionism therefore supports the idea that people can be change agents within an organization through human agency and this provides an effective mechanism of implementing change in an organization (Shore Kupferberg, 2014). This ontology therefore contributes to both positivism in achieving organizational goals as well as taking into consideration the social actors contributing or influencing change. It therefore helps to minimize change resistance. Ontology can be applied in change process to minimize resistance and overcoming situations that might arise. Managers might apply ontology directly to gain results in cases of change or reducing negat ive impacts that might arise. Critically examine the relationship between power and resistance, and the ethical issues that these raise in relation to the managerial and resistant positions. These scholars have also examined the relationship of power and resistance and it is evident in the modern society or in modern organizations resistance to change has ignored the theoretical concept of power and therefore in most case, the privileges of change agents have been taken for granted. Power has been used severally in organizations to mobilize certain outcomes or to bring about change. However, it has been equally used to resist change in any organization. Therefore power and resistance may seem to operate together in most case; there are no relations of power in an organization without resistance (Fleming, 2007). Yes well done The two approaches to resistance to change as well the relations of power and resistance raises a number of ethical issues and challenges in relation to managerial and resistant positions. Both approaches have been found to maintain a clear distinction between the change agent and change recipient in understanding change resistance but have been found to privilege the change agent (Erkama, 2010). There are two approaches one is scientific objectivism and other is subjectivism to change management procedure. In every organisation, process of change is always resisted by its employees. Managers are known to exert power while controlling and coordinating between various organisational objectives. Managers have power, can be change agents from social constructivism. It allows them to extend their capabilities in order that employees can provide productivity. While change becomes an inevitable process across all organisations and can due to need of resource allocation, business processes, budget and other factors. In order to bring about change, varying perspective of the nature of change within organisational environment has to be brought about(DCruz, 2007). With change agents being either internal or external in nature, Power will always play a part. Power is the authority or influence on others, as in this case employees. Manager or change agent within the organisation might exert legitimate power, from their position within organisational hierarchy. Greater the power a manager holds greater will be the resistance to change. In case a manager has great deal of power and is in direct communication with the organisational heads he might be able to dictate terms his own way and employees might will resist(Holland, 2010). According to concept of scientific objectivism, staffs are expected to coordinate with managers in change processes. In such a case, resistance to change is bound to be less as employees will have access to manager who is exerting power. Employees are generally resistant to change in every form, therefore at lower hierarchy levels ethical behaviours can easily be promoted(Antonsen, 2009). Ethical behaviours can be prompted in such cases in managers whereby they can motivate personnel towards change management processes. In case of ethical change processes, there is a gradual transformation that is adopted. Employees are made aware regarding expectations that they might have from the change processes. Impacts the change process will have on their jobs and pay-bands can also be explained. Therefore, there is a gradual transformation through a series of process as has been suggested by a number of scholars and researchers in the domain. Ethical change process is able to impact the organ isation in a positive manner by creating a positive impact on employees. In case of community approaches, manager have to consider the responsibility of organization towards the stakeholders rather than purely a stakeholders view that should be tolerable and respectable (Winstanley,1996). Likewise, at the time of taking strategies manager should not be extreme disparities of benefit with these group as these group have great impact on organization. Critically discuss the implications of power and resistance for the role of the change agent in ethically managing change, in both the dialogical and problem-centric approaches to change management Power and resistance have been discussed to work together or to exist in the same web of relationships (Bushe Marshak, 2014). Works of Jabri (2012) is able to contextualize problem-centric and logical positivism. While logical positivism incorporates open system model that gather data for replicating science. Outcomes of diagnostic models can be multifarious in nature. While problem centric approach is focused on consciously identifying causes and symptoms by systematically collecting data. In such social construct or organisational open system, change agent or manager communicates regarding all aspects of change. On the other hand, diagnostic methods aims at designing and implementation intervention for arriving at solutions of problems. Efficiency and effectiveness can be enhanced by this mechanism. Implications of power and resistance for role of change agent is critical and essential for the management of change. Implications of change are immense especially on employees. While there remains several implications that needs to be evaluated, resistance to change remains one of the most critical factors. A change agents role focuses on overcoming these resistance to change by use of power in an appropriate manner(Young, 2009). While various organisations promote use of unethical means in adopting change, it is essential that ethical change management be promoted. In order to ethically manage the process of change, change agents needs to promote dialogical talks between employees, management and himself such as to provide smooth transition. No amounts of change management can be smooth, hence its best to approach it in a problem-centric manner. Focusing on the problem will ensure that root of the problem is analysed and solution is arrived at. Ethical change or transformation proc esses includes proper hand-holding of employees through the entire process of change or transformation. With proper communication by the change agent to the employees regarding all aspects of change, they are taken through the process(Fleming, 2008). Employees are trained, counseling is given, any other problems faced by the employee is diagnosed and then analysed to arrive at a recommendation that can be implemented. A problem resolving technique to the process of change is adopted and then change management processes are implemented. A sudden change management process without the implication of processes can lead to failure of the change agent. In every case dialogue should be encouraged to ensure that there are no miscommunications regarding the change and it is handled in an appropriate manner. Dialogue instills a spirit of confidence amongst employees. They feel motivated being a part of the change management process. Hence, they are easily able to accommodate themselves to the entire process of change management. These are the various implications to change management processes t hat provides success to the entire organisation. In this question you need to be more specific about what the two different approaches of Problem centric and Dialogic is and also be more specific about the different roles of the Change agent in both. Have a look at the two chapters in Jabri and also the chapter on Change agent. Reference Lists Anderson, A. (2011). Engaging resistance: How ordinary people successfully champion change. Stanford University Press. Antonsen, S. (2009). Safety culture and the issue of power. Safety Science, 183-191. Burr, V. (2003). Social Constructionism (2nd Ed). London: Routledge Bushe, G. R. (2014). The dialogic mindset in organization development. In Research in organizational change and development. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 55-97. DCruz, H. G. (2007). Reflexivity, its meanings and relevance for social work: A critical review of the literature. The British Journal of Social Work, 73-90. Erkama, N. (2010). Power and resistance in a multinational organization: Discursive struggles over organizational restructuring. . Scandinavian Journal of Management, 151-165. Fleming, P. . (2008). Beyond power and resistance: New approaches to organizational politics. Management Communication Quarterly, 301-309. Fleming, P. (2007). Sexuality, power and resistance in the workplace. Organization Studies, 239-256. Holland, S. R. (2010). Power, agency and participatory agendas: A critical exploration of young peoples engagement in participative qualitative research. Childhood, 360-375. Jabri, (2012). Social construction and scientific objectivism. Management of change, p-149 . Klonek, F. E.-W. (2014). Dynamics of resistance to change: a sequential analysis of change agents in action. Journal of Change Management, 334-360. Kummamuru, S. . (2014). Human Resource Management: Towards a Human-Centric Approach. IUP Journal of Soft Skills, 36. Shore, D. A. (2014). Preparing people and organizations for the challenge of change. Journal of health communication, 275-281. Winstanley, D. and Woodall, J. (2000b). (eds). Ethical issues in contemporary human resource management. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Thomas, R. . (2011). Reframing resistance to organizational change. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 322-331. Thomas, R. S. (2011). Managing organizational change: Negotiating meaning and power-resistance relations. Organization Science, 22-41. Van der Voet, J. K. (2016). Implementing Change in Public Organizations: The relationship between leadership and affective commitment to change in a public sector context. Public Management Review, 842-865. Young, M. (2009). A meta model of change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 524-548.